Literature
- Cannon, L.R.G. and Silver, H. 1986. Sea Cucumbers of Northern Australia. Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia, 60 pp.
- Clark, A.M. and Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. 'Monograph of shallow water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms.' (London:British Museum).
- Clark, H.L. 1907. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35:1-206.
- Rowe F.W.E and Doty, J.E. 1977. The shallow water holothurians of Guam. Micronesica 13: 217-50.
- Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. In 'Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate.' (Wiesbaden: Kreidel).