Literature
- Cannon, L.R.G. and Silver, H. 1986. Sea Cucumbers of Northern Australia. Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia, 60 pp.
- Clark, A.M. and Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. 'Monograph of shallow water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms.' (London:British Museum).
- Jaeger, G.F. 1833. De Holothuriis. 40 pp., 3 pls.
- Panning, A. 1929-1935. Die Gattung Holothuria. Mitt. zool. St. Inst. Hamb. (1929) 44:91-138; (1934) 45:65-84; (1935) 45:85-107.
- Panning, A. 1944. Die Trepangfischerei. Mit. zool. St. Inst. Hamb. 49:1-76.
- Rowe F.W.E and Doty, J.E. 1977. The shallow water holothurians of Guam. Micronesica 13: 217-50.
- Rowe, F.W.E. 1969. A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 18: 119-70.